Archive for May, 2009

Be a TakeLessons Blog Guest Contributor

Friday, May 29th, 2009

TakeLessons welcomes all incredible teachers, students, and music lovers to share insights, knowledge, and creativity on our site. The TakeLessons blog was created to be an open platform for recognition and reward.

We’re here to inspire an entire generation to get involved – and stay involved – with music. As the voice of this generation, our guest writers need to be knowledgeable, innovative, and provide quality content, so we ask our members to put their best efforts forward on everything they write. The success of the TakeLessons blog is directly related to the value that the world sees in its content. When you write for TakeLessons, you are writing to make an impact on lots of people by empowering them to become better, and showing them you are an expert that cares about their individual success.

Creating effective and useful blog posts involves crafting titles that help draw people to the content, and well-written articles providing valuable information to readers.

If you are interested in contributing, please email us.

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How To Pick Out A Guitar for Your Guitar Lessons

Thursday, May 28th, 2009

Are you getting ready for your guitar lessons and need to pick the right guitar? There are a dizzying number of guitars on the market to choose from. You can certainly spend upwards of $1,000 and get a fabulous guitar, but the trick is to find a guitar that works for you for much less!

Acoustic or Electric?

Acoustic guitars are either Steel String, or Nylon String (also known as a “Classical Guitar” or “Spanish Guitar”). They are good choices for children because they are available in ½ and ¾ sizes.

Steel String Guitars are great for finger picking and strumming, and are used by such artists as Jewel and Bob Dylan – the characteristic “Folk guitar” sound. The necks are of medium width, and the bodies come in many different sizes.

Nylon String Guitars are good for Classical Guitar music, and for Brazilian music. They have a mellower sound, smaller bodies, and wide necks, making them more challenging for people with small hands.
Electric Guitars have small, flat bodies, steel strings, and make little sound on their own. Therefore you will need an amplifier and cord as well (extra $$). The necks of the guitars are generally small to medium in width.

How much do you want to spend?

Below $250. There are some nice playing guitars in this range, but it is really hit or miss. All the major guitar makers now offer “knock-offs” of their more expensive standard models in this price range. Fender offers the Squier models. Gibson offers the Epiphone series. Really scrutinize what you are buying.

Generally guitars in this range are strung with extra-light gauge strings that can disguise problems with the neck. The action is often really high (height of the strings off the neck). This makes the guitar hard to play. They also have lower quality tuning machines and poor intonation that can result in a guitar that never seems to be in tune.

There are many used acoustic guitars in this price range. Shop with care! Some of these guitars will sound and play fine with a new set of strings and a professional set up, which can run you ~$60 on top of the price of the guitar.

$250-$750. There are a lot of decent quality guitars in this range. As a beginner or intermediate, a guitar in this price range should be well-built and provide years of enjoyment. Try Takamine, Fender, and Gibson.

$750 and above. Professional quality instruments. Higher quality through out. As the price increases, the use of expensive rare woods and cosmetic features such as mother-of-pearl inlays becomes more common. My favorite is a Taylor.

Picking the right guitar for guitar lessons Features to look for

Acoustic guitars.
Solid wood top is the way to go. It vibrates more freely than plywood, and will sound louder and more alive. Spruce and Cedar are the most common woods for Steel String and Nylon String guitars respectively.

Solid wood sides and back are better, but many lower priced acoustic guitars have plywood back and sides.
Size matters! – Choose a guitar with a body size that fits yours.

Electric guitars
Pickups – either humbucking or single-coil. Some guitars have both. The single-coil pickups can be noisy around fluorescent lamps, and humbucking pickups are constructed to avoid this (hence the name). Single-coil pickups have a thinner tone, and are found on guitars modeled after the Fender Stratocaster. Humbucking pickups sound thicker and more powerful and are usually found on Gibson brand guitars such as the Les Paul.

Body shape – really wild shaped electric guitars can look really cool, and if that means you will play it more – go for it! Often these guitars slide off your leg when playing sitting down, and you will definitely need a strap to help you hold on to the guitar.

Try out many guitars in your chosen style and price range

Pick up the guitar, and hold it in playing position. Make sure you can easily reach the end of the neck and the sound hole and controls. It should feel comfortable in your hands.

Press the strings down to the fret board at various places – if it feels like real work to do this, then you may have found a guitar with “high action”. This is a common problem with used acoustic guitars. It can sometimes be fixed, but it’s best to find another guitar.

Run your hands up and down the neck, check for sharp edges on the metal frets. The frets themselves should be polished with no obvious grooves.

Rotate the tuners at the end of the neck. They should move easily, and feel solid.

Pick each string, and listen – does it buzz or rattle?

Check all the switches and controls and the output jack on electric guitars. They should all move smoothly with no noise or crackling. If it is loose or crackling, it will need to be repaired. The store should do this for no cost. If not, find another guitar.

You will know when you find the “right” guitar. It will feel comfortable – not too big or too small. You will be able to get your hand around the neck, and easily reach the strings. It will probably look “cool” to you. For children, I feel the two main considerations are the size of
the guitar, and how “cool” it looks! For parents, cost of course is an issue!

The “right” guitar will make you more excited to play and that is what you want!  Happy picking!

- Guest contributor, Andy Garby


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Singing Lessons – Yoga for the Voice

Tuesday, May 26th, 2009

Gfire When I first began my professional singing career, still in my teens, I was extremely dissatisfied with the explanations I had been given for how and why the singing voice works. I just couldn't make my voice do the things I wanted it to. Admittedly, I had pretty high expectations.

Fortunately, I went to my public library and happened on a copy of "Science and Singing" by the late, great Ernest George White of London, England. After decades of scientific research, White discovered how the voice and vocal tone actually originate in the four sets of sinus cavities in the head, not in the throat/vocal cords, as was previously believed. White taught people to speak who had had their vocal cords surgically removed – just by training them in controlling the air in their sinus cavities.

He explains in his book that the air vibrating in an enclosed space (the head) acts as a musical instrument, similar to a flute or a recorder or even air moving through a keyhole and producing sound. He felt that the vocal cords, or vocal folds as he preferred to call them, merely aided in regulating the flow of breath from the lungs up to the head, where the sound was actually produced.

Unfortunately for me, White had already passed away in 1940, so I began my own attempts at playing with the air in my sinus cavities. After many months of study, pretty much by trial and error, I found that I was actually a first soprano, not a second soprano, as I had thought. I found that it took much less air – and a lot of control – to maintain my high notes, but that I now HAD control. And I really began to develop my own unique singing voice, after years of trying to sound like everyone else that I admired. Wow – even my high expectations had been reached.

When I moved to Austin a few years later, I began teaching singing lessons in Austin (and piano) as my day job. I taught all kinds of people how to sing and speak, from age 8 to age 72. Many of my students found great success with playing with the air in their sinuses – remarking that, although they hadn't had success with traditional exercises, they could now make their voices sound clearer and they could control the voice. There is a lot of joy in learning that what was once a mystery can be placed under control in a fun and musical way.

But what actually ended up putting the true icing on the cake for what I now call "Yoga For the Voice" technique was my study of kundalini yoga, and subsequent training as a kundalini yoga instructor. I found that by incorporating yogic breathing and exercises, and sometimes even chanting yoga mantras, my students and I were able to make even more progress in controlling our vocal instruments. Not to mention the improvements in health, speaking voice, keeping the sinuses free and clear, and gains in personal confidence.

Some of the benefits we discovered:

  • You learn exactly what your vocal range is and why – your vocal range is determined by the shape, number and quality of the sinus cavities in your head.
  • You discover how to create the very best tone your voice is capable of making – when you can keep as many muscles as possible out of the way of creating a pure tone in the head, you have the basis of beautiful, unencumbered musical sound.
  • You feel the difference in your own body – singing feels healthy, beautiful and under your control. If it feels right, it actually is right. The reverse is true as well – if it feels wrong, then there is some work to be done, usually in releasing some tension and muscular effort that is getting in the way of the tone.
  • A side benefit includes keeping the sinuses free and clear – it actually helps your overall health in addition to your vocal health. Ernest G. White's sinus exercises have been used solely for the purpose of keeping the head cavities clear, and can be helpful for people with allergies and other problems which create mucus in the sinuses.
  • White's exercises can be used to improve your speaking voice and your vocal projection – they are excellent for actors, teachers and public speakers as well as for singers. In general, if one is just using the exercises for speaking purposes, the vocal range is more limited and focused on the actual speaking voice than in singing training.
  • For children, I tend to break it down to very basic, easy-to-understand exercises. I think the sinus concepts are too difficult for most children to grasp, so I try to give them exercises they can easily understand and have fun with.

In the beginning stages of vocal training, a typical "Yoga For the Voice" lesson will consist of three parts. First I teach the student two different kundalini breathing techniques that have proven useful to the singing student. We next begin the sinus exercises from Ernest George White's teachings, starting to find what I like to term the "musical architecture" inside the voice student's head, i.e. her/his particular set of sinus cavities. The last part consists of integrating what we have learned into "full body" exercises, which enable the student to start to experience her/his full vocal instrument, from the solar plexus to the top of the head. I sometimes use traditional vocal exercises for this step or, depending on the student, chanting exercises.

If you are interested in exploring "Yoga For the Voice" further, my voice lessons are available privately at my music studio in Austin, Texas. See voice lessons in Austin TX.

ABOUT gfire

gfire is a Kundalini yoga instructor, and a professional singer-songwriter, DJ, voice and piano teacher in Austin, Texas. She has taught literally hundreds of students how to use their voices more effectively. 

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The Key to Effective Music Practicing

Monday, May 25th, 2009

Violins.Image via Wikipedia

There is a saying that captures a critical difference between how amateurs and professional musicians practice and learn difficult musical passages:

“The amateur practices until she gets it right. The professional practices until she can’t get it wrong.”

I once performed violin in an orchestra under maestro Anshel Brusilow, a wonderful conductor and former concert master of the Philadelphia Orchestra. During one rehearsal he presented his philosophy on the art of practicing and mastering difficult passages. He explained that his philosophy was to practice a passage until he could play it correctly five times in a row. After achieving this goal, he knew he had mastered the material and would proceed to the next challenge.

If your goal is to be an amateur musician, then practicing until you get a difficult passage right is far enough. But if you aspire to be a professional musician, then practicing until you can’t get it wrong will require more work, but bring greater rewards. By attaining the goal of playing a difficult passage five times in a row without any mistakes, you may attain professional mastery on any instrument.

by: Robert Padgett, TakeLessons instructor for violin lessons and piano lessons in Santa Rosa, CA. Robert is married with five children, performs violin and piano
professionally, and is an accomplished music instructor on violin, viola,
piano, music theory and composition.

Editor's Note: TakeLessons uses the Lessons Success Journal and online Music Practice Pages to keep track of all your goals, lessons, and practice times. Using these tools help you stay motivated and track your progress.

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The Relationship Between Music and Math

Thursday, May 21st, 2009

We are surrounded by two things everyday… Math and Music. Most of the time we don’t even notice the math or we just choose to ignore it. But we notice music everywhere… Sometimes as soon as our radio alarm clock goes off in the morning we are surrounded by it. When you take music lessons, we realize that in that music, there are beautiful and symmetric numerical systems. From simple arithmetical processes to things as complicated as Group Transformations, music is full of mathematics.

I would like to show you the beauty so some of the mathematical structure which underlies the basics of Western music theory.

Upper stave: Claude Debussy's Première ArabesqueImage via Wikipedia

The Western musical system consists of 12 tones, or notes. We give these notes names using letters A, B, C, etc. and we go all the way up to G and then we start at A again. Now this only accounts for 7 notes and the other 5 come from things called accidentals which are noted by the #(sharp) sign or the b(flat sign). There is already math involved here. These notes are just multiples of frequencies. The lowest note on the piano is an A and its frequency is 27.5 Hz. To get A# you simply multiply by the 12th root of 2 and you get 29.135 and you keep doing this and after doing it 12 times you will get 55 which is 27.5×2. When you get a multiple of a frequency then it is the same note, up or down some number of octaves. So 27.5 (A) is the same note as 55 (A), just one octave apart. So every note you hear in music is just some frequency and is derived from this.

Now if we lay out a little chart of the notes and do a little mathematical modeling we will begin to see some very interesting things:

Picture 2

And if we now associate numbers to all of these we get this:

Picture 3

Now if we imagine adding one number to another as moving that number up the piano that many notes then we can see that if you take

0+1=1 This means that 0(or C) moved up one note is C#.
You can do this with any numbers as many times as you want as long as you mod out by 12, which means if you get a number higher than 12 when you add, simply divide that number by 12 and the remainder is your new number.

9+11=20 20/12= 1 with a remainder of 8, so 8 is our new number. So when you move A up 11 notes you will land on G#. And this works for any number of additions.

3+7+4+9=23=11mod12 This means that if you take D# and move it up 7 notes, then 4 more, then 9 more, you will land on a B.

You can even do this with whole chords.

C major = {C,E,G} = {1,5,8} I will say that when you add a number to a chord, you are adding that number to each note in the chord.

So C major, plus 7 = {1+7,5+7,8+7} = {8,0,3} which is a G# major chord.

An interesting note about this is that if you add a number to a major chord you will get a major chord and if you add a number to a minor chord you will get a minor chord. This is basically what you are doing when you transpose to a new key. You could do it to the entire scale and it is essentially the same thing as going from one key to another.

There are many things you can do with this idea, such as inverting chords and doing whole Group Transformations which will give very interesting musically related results, but the math is very tedious and deep.  This is just a glance at the very surface of the relations music has with math and is one of the reasons why I believe musicians are generally better in areas such as math or science.

Author:

Jon Jonathan Evans is a fabulous TakeLessons instructor. He gives piano lessons in Ventura CA.

“I enjoy teaching any age and any skill level. I have had students as
young as 9 years old all the way up to 70 years old. No one is too
youung or too old to start learning the piano. My laid back, patient
approach puts no pressure on the student, but allows them to learn at
their own pace. I set goals with the student to allow them to progress
as fast or slow as they want to. After 3 months the student will have a
strong understanding of reading music and sight reading.”


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